National – cultural peculiarities of the colorative systems of the Ukrainian and English languag es

Abstract

The article deals with the study of multifaceted semantics and the structure of semantic
peculiarities of adjectives black and white in English and Ukrainian languages. The symbols of
these adjectives in different cultures and a functional analysis of acromatic colors «black» and
«white» were analyzed, and the ways of the linguistic realization of the information field of the
indicated colors were described. In the article the specificity of the lexical -semantic group with
the color value is considered, the dynamics of this lexical-semantic group in the Ukrainian and
English languages is established, it is substantiated that the color category in the studied
languages is universal. Сolor is a unique category, which recognizes and describes almost all
the diversity of the phenomena of the objective and subjective world, carefully thought -out
technique that helps the artist to express his thoughts and feelings. Accordingly, the colors has
become the subject of interest of scholars and are studied in the physical, psychological,
philosophical, art linguistic and linguistic directions, in particular, a comprehensive analysis of
their functional properties in the language of folklore and fiction. According to physics, there
are seven main colors of the spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. The
dominant units of the lexical-semantic field of color, according to G.Gubareva's observations,
are nominations black, red, yellow, blue, green, white, gray, etc., which reflect the basic color
representations of man and belong to the constants of spiritual and material culture. In English,
traditionally distinguish 6 main colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple. In each
language there is a well-established mechanism for the derivation of such adjectives for
centuries: some of them are inherited from ancient times, while the latter are borrowed from
other languages (Ukrainian language: electro, indigo, khaki, English language: jade, yellowish -green, burgundy-red like burgundy wine); the third ones are formed on the material of the
language by a certain semantic scheme by comparison, for example, according to the similarity
to the color of the flower (Ukrainian language: almond, poppy, English language: cornflower ‒
cornflower, lavender ‒ lavender, rosy ‒ rose). The study of the semantic development of
colorative Uk rainian and English languages requires the comprehensive application of
synchronic and diachronic approaches, namely, etymological analysis, semio -component and
distributive.